"The future of finance is digital."
The digital transformation is one of the central topics for the upcoming years in the financial sector. At EU level, this process is accompanied by numerous legislative measures, among other things, as part of the "Digital Finance Strategy". We support you in seizing the full potential of digital innovations without neglecting the associated risks.
Contact
Dr. Petra Gutjahr
Head of Digital Finance Expert Group
E-Mail
Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) & DLT Pilot Regime
A harmonised framework for issuers and services providers of crypto assets (MiCA), that are not covered by existing financial legislation, and a pilot regime for trading and settlement infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology
applicable
Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA)
DORA formulates uniform requirements concerning IT risks, security incidents and service providers to ensure operational resilience of the financial sector
applicable
Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA)
(Risk-based) rules for the development, deployment and usage of systems that employ artificial intelligence (AI) techniques – including product components and stand-alone systems
In force since 08/2024
Financial Data Access Regulation / Open Finance
Rules for the sharing and use of customer-permissioned data by banks and third party providers to create tailor-made financial services
Proposal published 06/2023
European Single Access Point (ESAP)
Facilitated access to disclosed information relevant to capital markets in standardised and machine-readable formats via the European Single Access Point (ESAP)
applicable
SupTech, RegTech & integrated reporting
Harmonised requirements for automated reporting in standardised and machine-readable formats to promote the use of RegTech and SupTech tools
Supervisory Data Strategy + Feasibility study of an integrated reporting system published 12/2021
Creating competitive and fair EU-wide retail payment markets to offer innovative and state-of-the-art payment solutions
Instant payments regulation: applicable; proposals on PSD3, PSR & digital euro published 06/2023
Harmonised customer onboarding
Convergence of customer due diligence (CDD) requirements building on interoperable digital identities and conditions for the reuse of CDD information for other purposes
EUid: applicable; AML/CFT package: in force since 07/2024
For the latest news on digital finance, visit the EU Digital Finance Platform's Policy Corner. [ MORE ]
Today, EU regulation in banking and finance is formed by a multitude of legal norms continuously evolving by the interplay of numerous designated parties. To remain up-to-date and keep an overview of the resulting broad range of interlaced publications in various stages of development poses a considerable challenge in terms of accuracy, time and cost for users and supervisors alike.
The d-fine Regulatory Map offers a unique overview of EU regulation in selected policy areas including a comprehensive set of text views to allow for an in-depth analysis.
[ TO THE REGULATORY MAP ]
SUPTECH
Feasibility study on AI-based pattern recognition in regulatory reporting data
A financial regulator sees high potential in the application of artificial intelligence to regulatory reporting data collected from financial institutions. Advanced machine learning methods are of particular interest. The authority's goal is to identify individual or cross-institutional patterns and market developments at an early stage to increase data quality, enhance ongoing data analyses and gain insights for risk dialogues with institutions. d-fine has been asked to provide a feasibility study on viable solutions, given the underlying data and the authority’s technical and operational framework.
The data basis consists of institutions’ regulatory XBRL-reports in the EBA framework as well as reports in accordance with national reporting requirements.
Leveraging their professional expertise, d-fine assembled a designated team of experts from the disciplines of regulatory reporting and applied AI.
Proofs of concept were developed in Python to identify patterns, outliers and trends through clustering, isolation forests and time-series forecasting based on the regulatory data submitted.
AI methods such as language models for semantic clustering of regulatory definitions were subject to thorough suitability tests.
To assess the risk development neural network models were applied to forecast regulatory reporting data based on macroeconomic indicators and market data.
Financial Data Space
Creating a Gaia-X based data trustee: Consortium leadership within the BMWK-funded EuroDaT project and technical development of the trustee platform
In today's data-driven economy, organizations are increasingly turning to data sharing to develop innovative business models and gain a competitive edge. However, for such a collaborative use of data a technically and legally reliable infrastructure is needed. The EuroDaT project creates such an infrastructure by establishing a neutral data trustee in accordance with the European Union's Data Governance Act. To achieve this goal, the EuroDaT consortium of leading research, business, and political organizations is funded by Germany's Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). Together, they establish the legal, organizational, and technological pre-requisites necessary to create a data trustee that will enable secure data sharing across organizations.
The trustee acts as a neutral intermediary facilitating safe and dependable data exchange between parties. This allows for independent analyses of combined data without data providers losing data sovereignty.
As consortium coordinator d-fine is responsible for the overall project management. This includes planning and coordinating the cooperation between consortium members.
d-fine develops the trustee’s technical platform as a microservice application in Kubernetes, with data contracting and data transfer through the Eclipse Dataspace Connector.
The consortium is involved in shaping the European legal framework for data trustees through continuous dialogue with legislators and regulators and prepares EuroDaT’s integration into this framework in due course.
Digital innovation
Conceptual design and implementation of a digital asset custody solution including Mica impact assessment
The client, a large German bank, has a comprehensive digital asset strategy involving crypto assets such as Bitcoin or Ethereum as well as electronic securities. d-fine was asked to support the development of a detailed strategy, conceptual design as well as the technical implementation of respective solutions.
d-fine developed several Proof-of-Concepts (PoCs) to evaluate different technologies for secure custody of crypto assets (e.g. HSM and MPC based solutions).
This was complemented by the development of a PoC approach for money laundering compliance.
d-fine assisted in designing the target operating model of a corresponding custody, trading and anti-money laundering solution.
In addition, the impact of the MiCA proposal on the future business model was analysed and compared with the current regulatory requirements.
Digital Identity
Secure trust services based on Self-Sovereign Identities – Creating a target operating model
A German security technology company that already offers a variety of identification solutions, sees the concept of Self-Sovereign Identities (SSI) as the basis for a new market offering. However, with regard to processes and infrastructure components there are still conceptual gaps in the SSI framework. d-fine has been asked to design a target operating model and thus generate intellectual property for the client.
d-fine analyzed existing offerings and technologies in the market, including alternative solutions to SSI and their security.
d-fine identified critical security gaps that need to be addressed for a secure offering of SSI-based services. Ways to close these gaps were developed and evaluated for their feasibility from the client's perspective.
The selected solution was conceptually designed in detail and a target operating model was created, intended as the basis for a patent.
To illustrate the developed process flow, d-fine designed a demonstrator.
Digital risks
Ensuring operational stability for a credit institution
The new requirements of the financial supervisory authority and the legislator require our client, a credit institution, to fundamentally realign the organization and procedures for the management system of information security controls and risks. The client commissioned us to design associated internal organizational guidelines as well as the business processes and assessment methods, which were to be based on common standards.
d-fine revised the internal information security requirements and methods based on the international ISO standards 27001 ff. The information security requirements were thereby classified in a structured and easily comprehensible document hierarchy.
The risk methodology was based on a protection requirements analysis of all components of the information network. Inheritance between interdependent information network components was taken into account.
The challenge of the project was to design a methodology that was both easy to use by information owners and met operational risk management requirements for risk assessment and risk acceptance.
Artificial Intelligence
Market & sales forecasting and eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI)
Complex AI models are often used in the manufacturing industry and by retailers to create sales and revenue forecasts, which enable good forecast quality even for difficult problems. One of the major challenges with AI models is their explainability and transparency. Why a model arrives at a certain conclusion or forecast for a specific data set, and what effects changes in the input data have on the model forecast, are key questions for model developers and model users here.
To explain a complex AI model, it must be transformed into a simpler representation. The challenge is to find a good compromise between the consideration of the properties of the AI model and the simplicity of the representation as well as a suitable approach.
Central tasks were the conception and design of an XAI (eXplainability AI) module for complex AI model ensembles using model-agnostic methods (LIME, SHAP and ANCHOR), including the evaluation of the technical-mathematical foundation of the XAI methods and their suitability for the use case, as well as the evaluation of alternatives (e.g. model-specific methods) and the weighing of advantages and disadvantages.
The Explainability Module was integrated into the customer's own infrastructure and a reporting solution with suitable visualizations of the results was built.
SupTech
Digitalization of financial supervision
Financial supervisors now regularly conduct stress tests that require supervised entities to submit massive amounts of data. In doing so, regulated entities must provide the required data under intense pressure, respond to supervisory feedback, and adjust their data. Rarely seen, financial regulators are under no less pressure as the data submitted must be analysed and evaluated in a timely, reliable and understandable manner. Our customer is a major financial regulator that oversees companies across Europe. The latter was looking for a technical solution to meet the growing demands for stress testing and to digitize the entire process from submitting the data to analysing it and reporting back to the companies.
As general contractor, d-fine implemented a solution consisting of a web portal for the supervised companies, a data science platform for massive data analysis and web applications for the financial supervisors.
The platform runs on over 100 servers and uses a process engine to uniformly map standard and exception processes.
The technical basis was a mixture of standard technologies such as Camunda or Tableau, which were integrated with in-house developments for web applications, back ends and a data science platform.
The first release went into production after just nine months, with 70 d-fine consultants involved in implementation at peak times.
Several stress tests and other supervisory exercises have been successfully performed on the platform since go-live.
Payments
Digitization platform and end-to-end payment processing
With this project, the payment processes at a private bank are being digitalized in their entirety and direct access to the SWIFT network is being established. By implementing a modern, multi-channel e-banking platform, customers will be able to enter payment orders electronically and manage their banking transactions digitally in the future. In the interests of a scalable and future-proof solution, new middleware is being introduced to centrally control data flows and processes.
d-fine makes a significant contribution in all areas of the project - from the regulatory-compliant requirements specification to the implementation of data migration and project management.
In this project, we are convincing through the combination of our professional expertise in the areas of payment transactions, compliance and process digitization as well as our technical skills in system integration.
The result is, on the one hand, a scalable and modern IT infrastructure via which payment orders can be processed efficiently and in compliance with regulatory requirements, and, on the other hand, a state-of-the-art e-banking solution for the customers.
Financial transformation
Digitalization of group financial planning for the financial controlling department of a large German bank
The customer has decided to digitize the processes for collecting and generating financial planning at group level due to the increasing need for analysis and automation. This requires replacing a manual Excel-based delivery route with automated interfaces and data storage of the financial planning data in a database. As a result, the new processing also enables automated board reporting of the key figures in a uniform layout. At the same time, suitable parameterization of the technical solution maintains the flexibility that is absolutely essential for management reporting.
In a first step, d-fine contributed significantly to standardizing the supplier files, which had previously been created manually, and to automating their technical processing.
This enabled the automation of the infrastructure around the database and reporting at group level in parallel with the design and coordination of new technical interfaces.
The result was quick wins after each project phase, so that the customer could benefit from digitization as quickly as possible.
WhitepaperThe critical path of modernizing a multi-trillion-dollar-market
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